Greek Pioneers in Medical and Biomedical Sciences 1821-2021
This book and the study that preceded it highlight the pioneering discoveries through which physicians and biomedical researchers of Greek origin contributed to the progress of clinical medicine, biomedical research and the pharmaceutical industry at the global level in the 200 years from the Greek revolution of 1821 to 2021. The book represents one of the many initiatives that Greeks from Greece and abroad pursued to promote scientific excellence. Common goal of the person that perceived the idea of the study, the historian who implemented it and wrote the book, the scientific council that supervised it and the ARISTEiA-Institute for the Advancement of Research & Education in Arts, Sciences & Technology that coordinated it along with the American College of Greece-Deree pertained to highlighting the contributions of Greece to the discovery of new scientific knowledge and the creation of innovative treatments that doubled human life expectancy.
Since 2016, when I conceived the idea of pursuing this study, until 2021 that it was completed, my goal was to present the selected Greek scientists as global role models for the next generations of doctors and bioscientists. The selection of the 63 individuals among more than 120 nominees, apart from the criteria of bibliographic references, was made with unanimous approval by the scientific council for the originality, timeliness, and global impact of their work, but also for their leading role in international scientific initiatives. In the event of a question whether some of those who were nominated could still be included in the final selection, the answer will be: MAYBE… The scientific board, however, made sure that each of the 63 who were chosen deserved it. Undoubtedly, the continuation of the study in the future will identify more Greeks whose work will be considered historic for the progress it will have brought by that time to Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.
Konstantinos G. Drosatos, Professor, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, USA, Co-founder and Vice-President of the ARISTEiA-Institute, Coordinator of the study “1821-2021: Greek Pioneers in Medicine and Biomedical Research”
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CHAPTER 1 - HELLENISM IN THE HISTORY OF MODERN MEDICINE
The Greek-speaking world in transition
A new view of the world and a new medicine
Greeks as intermediaries and as Ottoman innovators
The introduction of variolation to the West and two Greek physicians
Medicine during the 18th century
Adamantios Korais (1748-1833) and Ioannis Capodistrias (1776-1831)
Chemistry and modern pharmacology
Medicine in the new Greek state
The twentieth century: medicine of modernity and war
Molecular biology and genetics
Concluding remarks
CHAPTER 2 - GREEK PIONEERS 1821-1922
Ioannis Vouros (Ιωάννης Βούρος, 1808-1885)
Andreas Anagnostakis (Ανδρέας Αναγνωστάκης, 1826-1897)
Photinos Panas (Φωτεινός Πανάς, 1832-1903)
Panagiotis Potagos (Παναγιώτης Ποταγός, 1839 – 1903)
Maria Kalapothakes (Μαρία Καλαποθάκη, 1859-1941)
Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo (1860-1928)
Ion (Ioan) Cantacuzino (1863-1934)
Benediktos Adamantiades (Βενέδικτος Αδαμαντιάδης, 1875-1962)
Constantin von Economo (1876-1931)
Georg Joachimoglu (Γεώργιος Ιωακείμογλου, 1887-1979)
Anastasios Aravantinos (Αναστάσιος Αραβαντινός, 1879-1948)
Demetrius Chilaiditi (Δημήτριος Κηλαϊδίτης, 1883-1975)
Klon Stephanos (Κλων Στέφανος, 1854-1915)
Rigas Nikolaidis (Ρήγας Νικολαΐδης, 1856-1928)
Alexios Trantas (Αλέξιος Τράντας, 1867-1961)
Skevos (Skevophylax) Zervos (Σκευοφύλαξ – Σκεύος Ζερβός, 1875-1966)
Angeliki Panagiotatou (Αγγελική Παναγιωτάτου, 1878-1954)
Polyvios Koryllos (Πολύβιος Κορύλλος, 1881 – 1937)
Emmanuel Kontoleon (Εμμανουήλ Κοντολέων, 1879 – 1939)
Alexander Polycleitos Cawadias (Αλέξανδρος Πολύκλειτος Καββαδίας, 1884-1971)
CHAPTER 3 - 1922 – 2021 PIONEERS IN MEDICINE & RESEARCH
Georgios N Papanikolaou (Γεώργιος Ν Παπανικολάου, 1883-1962)
George C Cotzias (Γεώργιος Κοτζιάς, 1918 – 1977)
Pindaros “Roy” Vagelos (1929- )
Stratis Avrameas (Ευστράτιος-Στράτης Αβραμέας, 1930 - 2023)
Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos (Μαρία Δεληβοριά Παπαδοπούλου, 1931 – 2020)
George Peter Canellos (1934 - )
Dimitrios G Oreopoulos (Δημήτριος Γ Ωραιόπουλος, 1936- 2012)
Demetrios Papahadjopoulos (Δημήτριος Παπαχατζόπουλος, 1934 – 1998)
Ioannis V Yannas (Ιωάννης Β Γιαννάς, 1935- )
John B Kostis (Ιωάννης Κωστής, 1936- )
Fotis Kafatos (Φώτης Καφάτος, 1940-2017)
Argiris Efstratiadis (Αργύρης Ευστρατιάδης, 1941- )
Tom Maniatis (1943- )
George Stamatoyannopoulos (Γεώργιος Σταματογιαννόπουλος, 1934-2018)
Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas (Σπύρος Αρταβάνης-Τσάκωνας, 1946- )
Dimitrios Trichopoulos (Δημήτριος Τριχόπουλος, 1938-2014)
Haralambos P Gavras (Χαράλαμπος Π Γαβράς, 1938- )
Haralampos Moutsopoulos (Χαράλαμπος Μουτσόπουλος, 1944 - )
Kyriakos C Nicolaou (Κυριάκος Νικολάου, 1946 - )
Nicholas Peppas (Νικόλαος Α Πέππας, 1948 - )
Stylianos Antonarakis (Στυλιανός Αντωναράκης, 1951- )
Nikos Logothetis (Νίκος Λογοθέτης, 1950 - )
Evangelia Kranias (Ευαγγελία Κρανιά, 1947- )
Eleftherios P Diamandis (Ελευθέριος Π Διαμαντής, 1952 - )
Andreas Tzakis (Ανδρέας Τζάκης, 1950 – )
Evangelos Gragoudas (Ευάγγελος Γραγούδας, 1941- )
George P Chrousos (Γεώργιος Π Χρούσος, 1951 -)
Paul Alivisatos (Παύλος Αλιβιζάτος, 1959- )
John Stamatoyannopoulos (1967 - )
Nicholas Christakis (Νικόλαος Χριστάκης, 1962- )
Kypros Nicolaides (Κύπρος Νικολαΐδης, 1953 - )
Antonios Mikos (Αντώνιος Μίκος, 1960 - )
George Paxinos (Γιώργος Παξινός, 1944- )
John Ioannidis (Ιωάννης Ιωαννίδης, 1965 - )
Edith Heard (1965- )
CHAPTER 4 - PIONEERS IN BIOTECH INDUSTRY & BIG PROJECTS
George Yancopoulos (1959- )
John Maraganore (1962- )
Stelios Papadopoulos (Στέλιος Παπαδόπουλος, 1948 - )
George D Behrakis (1934- )
Mene Pangalos (1967- )
Albert Bourla (Άλμπερτ Μπουρλά, 1961 - )
George Nicholas Hatsopoulos (Γεώργιος Ν Χατσόπουλος, 1927-2018)
Aristides Patrinos (Αριστείδης Πατρινός, 1947- )